科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)了一種蛋白質(zhì)多肽，可以幫助癌癥患者體內(nèi)的 T 細(xì)胞精準(zhǔn)的進(jìn)入受損組織，殺死癌細(xì)胞。

　　T 細(xì)胞是什么呢?它是由身體產(chǎn)生的白細(xì)胞，是我們免疫系統(tǒng)的基礎(chǔ)。成熟的 T 細(xì)胞經(jīng)血流分布至外周免疫器官的胸腺依賴區(qū)定居，并可經(jīng)淋巴管、外周血和組織液等進(jìn)行再循環(huán)，發(fā)揮細(xì)胞免疫及免疫調(diào)節(jié)等功能?？磥?lái)，它是保護(hù)我們的好細(xì)胞。

現(xiàn)在，免疫療法是癌癥治療的新革命，癌癥免疫療法依靠一種叫做 CD8 + t 的細(xì)胞，它是一種特殊的的 T 細(xì)胞，專(zhuān)門(mén)破壞腫瘤和其他病毒感染的細(xì)胞。

　　CD8+T 細(xì)胞能殺傷表達(dá)抗原的靶細(xì)胞，它在抗毒感染、急性同種異型移植物排斥和對(duì)腫瘤細(xì)胞的殺傷作用中充當(dāng)重要的效應(yīng)細(xì)胞。

科學(xué)家們采用了一種叫做收養(yǎng)細(xì)胞轉(zhuǎn)移(adoptive cell transfer)的方法來(lái)操控人體自然防御，他們提取病人的 T 細(xì)胞，通過(guò)基因改造讓這些 T 細(xì)胞鎖定標(biāo)記癌細(xì)胞的特定蛋白質(zhì)，然后再將 T 細(xì)胞注射回病人體內(nèi)。

　　就目前來(lái)說(shuō)，這種療法只對(duì)部分癌癥有效，比如血癌。但對(duì)有實(shí)體腫瘤的癌癥效果并不明顯。解決這一難題的關(guān)鍵一步就是，如何將 T 細(xì)胞直接引入到特定受損組織。

　　加州大學(xué)圣地亞哥分校的一項(xiàng)新研究發(fā)現(xiàn)了一種蛋白質(zhì) Runx3，可以將 T 細(xì)胞引導(dǎo)到他們想要的位置?？茖W(xué)家在對(duì)動(dòng)物模型試驗(yàn)后發(fā)現(xiàn)，Runx3 似乎可以引導(dǎo) T 細(xì)胞攻擊實(shí)體腫瘤，動(dòng)物體內(nèi)的腫瘤生長(zhǎng)速度延緩了，動(dòng)物的存活期也延長(zhǎng)了。

　　科學(xué)家解釋說(shuō):“Runx3 在 T 細(xì)胞內(nèi)的染色體上工作，以使 T 細(xì)胞的數(shù)量在實(shí)體腫瘤中越積越多。如果增強(qiáng)細(xì)胞內(nèi) Runx3 的活躍性，腫瘤就會(huì)明顯變小，腫瘤的存活率也會(huì)降低“。

　　科學(xué)家表示，這一發(fā)現(xiàn)為癌癥治療找到了新路徑，可以讓 T 細(xì)胞殺死癌細(xì)胞變得更容易。

Scientists have discovered a protein that helps T cells in cancer patients enter the damaged tissue accurately and kill cancer cells.

What is T cell? It is the white blood cells produced by the body, and is the foundation of our immune system. The mature T cells are located in the thymus dependent region of the peripheral immune organs, and can be recirculated through the lymphatic tube, peripheral blood and tissue fluid, and the functions of cellular immunity and immunomodulation are played. It looks like it's a good cell to protect us.

Now, immunotherapy is a new revolution in cancer treatment. Cancer immunotherapy relies on a cell called CD8 + T, a special T cell that specializes in cancer and other virus infected cells.

CD8+T cells can kill target cells that express antigen. It acts as an important effector cell in antivirus infection, acute allograft rejection and the killing effect of tumor cells.

Scientists have used a method called adoptive cell transfer to manipulate human natural defense. They extract the patient's T cells, and the T cells are genetically modified to lock the specific protein of the cancer cells and then the T cells are injected into the patient's body.

For now, this therapy is only effective for some cancers, such as blood cancer. But for solid tumors, the effect is not obvious. The key step to solve this problem is how to directly introduce T cells into specific damaged tissues.

A new University of California at San Diego study has found a protein Runx3 that can guide T cells to the location they want. In animal model experiments, scientists found that Runx3 seems to lead T cells to attack solid tumors. The growth rate of tumors in animals is delayed, and the survival time of animals is prolonged.

The scientists explained: "Runx3 works on chromosomes in T cells to increase the number of T cells in solid tumors. If Runx3 activity is enhanced, the tumor will become smaller and the survival rate of the tumor will also decrease.

Scientists say the discovery has found a new way for cancer treatment, making it easier for T cells to kill cancer cells.